Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) — Questions and Answers

Question 1: When securing cargo, tie-downs must be checked how often on a trip?

Within the first 50 miles and periodically (Correct answer)
Never during transit
Only at the destination
Only before departure

Correct answer: Within the first 50 miles and periodically

Drivers must inspect cargo securement within the first 50 miles and at regular intervals during the trip.

Question 2: What is countersteering and when should it be used?

Steering in the opposite direction of a turn; used when changing lanes
Steering in the direction the rear of the vehicle is sliding; used during a rear-wheel skid recovery (Correct answer)
Applying full steering lock; used in emergencies only
Steering with both hands at 10 and 2; used at all times

Correct answer: Steering in the direction the rear of the vehicle is sliding; used during a rear-wheel skid recovery

Countersteering means turning the steering wheel in the direction the rear of the vehicle is sliding. It is used to regain control during a rear-wheel skid by aligning the front wheels with the vehicle's actual direction of travel.

Question 3: What should a driver do if steering becomes heavy or unresponsive while driving a CMV?

Accelerate to restore hydraulic pressure
Continue driving but avoid turning
Safely reduce speed, signal, and pull off the road to inspect (Correct answer)
Brake hard and pull the parking brake

Correct answer: Safely reduce speed, signal, and pull off the road to inspect

Heavy or unresponsive steering indicates a possible power steering failure or front-end problem — the driver must pull over safely and inspect immediately.

Question 4: How should you manage speed when approaching a curve in a CMV?

Posted speed limits on curves are designed for CMVs
Slow down before entering the curve to a safe speed, then maintain steady speed through the curve (Correct answer)
Maintain current speed and brake in the curve if needed
Accelerate through the curve for stability

Correct answer: Slow down before entering the curve to a safe speed, then maintain steady speed through the curve

You should reduce speed before the curve, not during it. Braking in a curve shifts weight and can cause a skid or rollover. Posted curve speeds are for passenger vehicles.

Question 5: What are the consequences of an HOS violation found during a roadside inspection?

The driver may be placed out of service for the appropriate number of hours (Correct answer)
The vehicle is impounded
Nothing if the driver corrects the issue
Only the carrier is penalized

Correct answer: The driver may be placed out of service for the appropriate number of hours

If an HOS violation is found during inspection, the driver can be placed out of service, meaning they cannot drive until they have accumulated enough rest to be in compliance.

Question 6: What is the minimum age requirement to obtain a CDL for interstate driving?

21 years old (Correct answer)
25 years old
19 years old
18 years old

Correct answer: 21 years old

Federal law requires drivers to be at least 21 years old to drive a CMV in interstate commerce. Some states allow CDLs at 18 for intrastate driving only.

Question 7: Under the sleeper berth provision, how may a driver split their required off-duty time?

Two equal periods of 5 hours each spent entirely in the sleeper berth
One period of at least 7 hours in the sleeper berth and a separate period of at least 2 hours, totaling at least 10 hours (Correct answer)
Any two periods totaling 10 hours, with neither period less than 2 hours
One period of 8 hours in the sleeper berth followed by 2 hours off duty anywhere

Correct answer: One period of at least 7 hours in the sleeper berth and a separate period of at least 2 hours, totaling at least 10 hours

The sleeper berth split rule allows drivers to pair a sleeper berth period of at least 7 hours with a separate off-duty or sleeper berth period of at least 2 hours. Together the two periods must total at least 10 hours, and neither period counts against the 14-hour driving window.

Question 8: What is the 60/70-hour rule in Hours of Service regulations?

You can drive a maximum of 60 or 70 hours in a single week
You must complete 60-70 hours of driving training
You cannot drive after being on duty 60 hours in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days (Correct answer)
You must rest 60-70 hours between shifts

Correct answer: You cannot drive after being on duty 60 hours in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days

Drivers operating vehicles for carriers that do not operate every day of the week cannot drive after accumulating 60 on-duty hours in 7 consecutive days. For carriers that operate every day, the limit is 70 hours in 8 consecutive days.

Question 9: What is the primary cause of trailer jackknife during braking?

Locking the tractor drive axle brakes
Locking the trailer wheels, causing the trailer to push and swing outward (Correct answer)
Applying the hand valve on a straight road
Using the Jake Brake on a wet surface

Correct answer: Locking the trailer wheels, causing the trailer to push and swing outward

Trailer jackknife occurs when the trailer wheels lock and the trailer continues to push forward, swinging the trailer around the pivot point of the fifth wheel.

Question 10: What is the legal requirement for pre-trip inspections under FMCSA regulations?

Pre-trip inspections are only required once per week
Pre-trip inspections are recommended but not required
Only the carrier is responsible for vehicle condition
Drivers must be satisfied the vehicle is in safe operating condition before driving (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Drivers must be satisfied the vehicle is in safe operating condition before driving

Under 49 CFR 392.7 and 396.13, drivers must be satisfied that the motor vehicle is in safe operating condition before driving it, and they must review the last DVIR if one exists.

Question 11: What emergency equipment must be in a CMV carrying Division 1.1 explosives?

Only hazmat placards are needed
Standard equipment plus a properly rated fire extinguisher of at least 10 B:C rating (Correct answer)
No special equipment is required
Standard emergency equipment only

Correct answer: Standard equipment plus a properly rated fire extinguisher of at least 10 B:C rating

Vehicles carrying Division 1.1 explosives must carry a fire extinguisher with a rating of at least 10 B:C, in addition to the standard emergency equipment required for all CMVs.

Question 12: What should a CMV driver do if the vehicle begins to hydroplane?

Accelerate to push through the water
Engage the Jake Brake
Ease off the accelerator and avoid sudden steering corrections (Correct answer)
Apply full brakes immediately

Correct answer: Ease off the accelerator and avoid sudden steering corrections

When hydroplaning, gently release the accelerator and hold a steady steering course — sudden inputs can cause loss of control.

Question 13: What does a dock lock (also called a trailer restraint) do?

Locks the landing gear in the up position
Locks the trailer brakes from the dock control panel
Prevents unauthorized access to the trailer doors
Secures the trailer's rear ICC bar to prevent it from moving away from the dock (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Secures the trailer's rear ICC bar to prevent it from moving away from the dock

A dock lock (trailer restraint) hooks onto the trailer's rear ICC bar and physically prevents the trailer from creeping away from the dock during loading.

Question 14: What should you do if you experience a blowout on an icy road?

Brake hard immediately
Stay off the brake and gradually slow down (Correct answer)
Accelerate briefly to regain control
Steer sharply away from traffic

Correct answer: Stay off the brake and gradually slow down

On icy roads, braking hard or steering sharply after a blowout will likely cause a skid. The safest response is to stay off the brake and let the vehicle slow gradually while maintaining steering control.

Question 15: How long should a driver wait after the air compressor builds pressure before performing a brake check?

Until pressure reaches at least 100 psi
Until the governor cuts out around 125 psi (Correct answer)
30 seconds after starting the engine
Until the low-pressure warning light goes off

Correct answer: Until the governor cuts out around 125 psi

Drivers should wait until the compressor governor cuts out (around 125 psi) to ensure the system is fully charged before testing.

Question 16: What is the recommended following distance for a CMV traveling at highway speed in normal conditions?

1 second for every 10 feet of vehicle length (Correct answer)
4 seconds for all speeds above 40 mph
One car length for every 10 mph
2 seconds regardless of vehicle length

Correct answer: 1 second for every 10 feet of vehicle length

FMCSA recommends one second of following distance for every 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds up to 40 mph, plus one additional second above 40 mph.

Question 17: The ELDT regulations took effect on which date?

February 7, 2020
January 1, 2021
July 1, 2023
February 7, 2022 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: February 7, 2022

The federal ELDT rule became effective on February 7, 2022.

Question 18: What is the recommended technique for shifting a 10-speed manual transmission truck from 5th to 6th gear (the split)?

Use the splitter switch to go from low to high split while near the shift point (Correct answer)
Use the clutch and shift lever simultaneously with extra force
Apply the brakes briefly to slow engine RPM
Toggle the range selector to high range while in neutral

Correct answer: Use the splitter switch to go from low to high split while near the shift point

At the appropriate RPM, the splitter switch is toggled to high position while releasing the throttle briefly, engaging the split gear without moving the main shift lever.

Question 19: When is it safe to shift to a higher gear in a manual transmission truck?

Only on level ground
When engine RPM reaches the top of the operating range and the vehicle is accelerating steadily (Correct answer)
Immediately after releasing the clutch from the previous gear
Whenever RPMs reach the maximum governed speed

Correct answer: When engine RPM reaches the top of the operating range and the vehicle is accelerating steadily

Upshift when the engine reaches the top of its power band (typically noted by manufacturer) and the vehicle has stable speed to accept the higher gear.

Question 20: What should a CMV driver do if the oil pressure warning light illuminates while driving on the highway?

Safely reduce speed, activate hazard lights, pull off the road, and shut down the engine as quickly as safely possible (Correct answer)
Add a quart of oil through the cab-mounted fill port and monitor the gauge
Shift to a lower gear to reduce engine load and continue to the next exit
Increase engine RPM briefly to build pressure, then monitor for improvement

Correct answer: Safely reduce speed, activate hazard lights, pull off the road, and shut down the engine as quickly as safely possible

A low oil pressure warning indicates insufficient lubrication reaching engine components. Continued operation can cause catastrophic and irreversible engine damage within seconds to minutes. The driver must get off the road and shut the engine down promptly to prevent engine destruction.

Question 21: To reset their cumulative 60-hour/7-day or 70-hour/8-day on-duty clock, a driver must take a minimum of how many consecutive hours off-duty?

34 hours (Correct answer)
48 hours
10 hours
24 hours

Correct answer: 34 hours

The provision known as the '34-hour restart' allows a driver to reset their weekly on-duty hour calculation to zero by taking at least 34 consecutive hours off-duty or in a sleeper berth.

Question 22: Which of the following endorsements does NOT require ELDT training under current FMCSA rules?

Passenger (P) endorsement
Doubles/Triples (T) endorsement (Correct answer)
None — all endorsements require ELDT
School Bus (S) endorsement

Correct answer: Doubles/Triples (T) endorsement

ELDT covers applicants for a Class A CDL, Class B CDL, and the Passenger (P) or School Bus (S) endorsement. The Doubles/Triples (T) endorsement is not currently included in the ELDT mandate under 49 CFR Part 380.

Question 23: A CMV driver notices a ball rolling into the street from between two parked cars. What is the most important hazard perception principle to apply?

Maintain speed since children are taught not to run into traffic
Sound the horn to warn any pedestrians in the area
Slow down only if the ball rolls into the travel lane
Predict that a child may follow the ball into the street and reduce speed immediately (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Predict that a child may follow the ball into the street and reduce speed immediately

A ball rolling into the road is a classic 'clue hazard' — it strongly predicts that a child will follow. Professional drivers are trained to recognize such predictive indicators and respond before the danger fully materializes, because stopping a CMV takes far more distance than a car.

Question 24: What should a driver do if a defect found during a post-trip inspection is listed on the DVIR as needing repair before the vehicle is driven again?

Drive the vehicle only short distances until it can be repaired
Continue driving as long as the defect does not worsen
Report the defect verbally to dispatch and proceed with the route
Certify on the next DVIR that the defect has been repaired or is not safety-related before driving (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Certify on the next DVIR that the defect has been repaired or is not safety-related before driving

FMCSA regulations require that a qualified mechanic repair any noted safety defect and certify the repair, or the carrier must certify the defect is not safety-related, before the vehicle is placed back in service. The next driver must acknowledge this on the DVIR.

Question 25: What is the correct procedure for making a right turn with a long combination vehicle?

Swing wide to the left first to allow the rear axles to clear the curb
Use the button hook method from the right lane (Correct answer)
Turn sharply from the far right lane
Slow to 5 mph and make the turn normally

Correct answer: Use the button hook method from the right lane

The button hook (or jug handle) method involves pulling forward past the turn point before swinging right so rear axles track closer to the curb.

Question 26: You are driving a fully loaded tractor-trailer on a highway and notice a driver ahead is weaving in their lane and braking erratically. What is the most critical first step in perceiving and reacting to this hazard?

Honk your horn to get the driver's attention.
Speed up to pass the vehicle as quickly as possible.
Immediately swerve into the next lane to get away from them.
Increase your following distance to create a larger space cushion. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Increase your following distance to create a larger space cushion.

Increasing your following distance is the safest initial reaction. It provides you with more time and space to react if the erratic driver makes a sudden move, brakes unexpectedly, or loses control. This defensive driving technique is crucial for managing space and avoiding collisions.

Question 27: What minimum overhead clearance should a CMV driver confirm before pulling into a loading dock or under a bridge?

Assume any structure marked 13 feet 6 inches is safe for any CMV
Trust that loading docks are always built to accommodate standard CMV heights
Always use the vehicle's posted height plus at least 1 foot of clearance (Correct answer)
Only check clearance for vehicles over 14 feet tall

Correct answer: Always use the vehicle's posted height plus at least 1 foot of clearance

Drivers must verify that available clearance exceeds the vehicle's actual height (including any cargo) by at least 1 foot as a safety margin. Posted heights can be inaccurate due to road resurfacing or settling, and cargo may shift or increase the overall height.

Question 28: What is the purpose of a Jake Brake (engine retarder)?

To convert the engine into an air compressor to slow the vehicle (Correct answer)
To control trailer sway
To boost engine power on steep climbs
To lock the rear axles during braking

Correct answer: To convert the engine into an air compressor to slow the vehicle

A Jake Brake (compression release engine brake) opens exhaust valves at the top of the compression stroke, turning the engine into a retarding device.

Question 29: According to FMCSA regulations, when must a driver prepare a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR)?

Once per week, if no defects are noted.
Only when a defect is found on a property-carrying vehicle. (Correct answer)
Before starting every trip, regardless of vehicle type.
At the end of every trip, for all commercial vehicles.

Correct answer: Only when a defect is found on a property-carrying vehicle.

FMCSA regulation 49 CFR 396.11 requires drivers of property-carrying CMVs to complete a DVIR only if a defect or deficiency is discovered. For passenger-carrying vehicles, a DVIR must be completed daily, regardless of whether defects are found.

Question 30: What is the primary function of the air compressor governor in a vehicle's air brake system?

To control the cut-in and cut-out pressures of the air compressor. (Correct answer)
To regulate the amount of air pressure sent to the brake chambers during a stop.
To release excess air pressure if the system becomes overcharged, preventing tank damage.
To filter moisture and contaminants from the compressed air.

Correct answer: To control the cut-in and cut-out pressures of the air compressor.

The air compressor governor's specific job is to monitor the air pressure in the reservoirs and signal the compressor when to start pumping air (cut-in) and when to stop (cut-out) to maintain pressure within the correct operating range.

Question 31: What is brake fade and what causes it in air brake systems?

Reduced braking power caused by overheated brake drums (Correct answer)
A sudden increase in brake pressure
Improper slack adjuster setting
Air leaking from brake lines

Correct answer: Reduced braking power caused by overheated brake drums

Brake fade is a reduction in braking effectiveness that occurs when brake drums overheat from prolonged or repeated braking.

Question 32: How do road surface conditions affect the type and severity of skids?

Concrete roads never cause skids
Road surface has minimal effect on skids
Only ice affects skid behavior
Different surfaces provide different levels of traction, directly affecting when skids begin and how they behave (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Different surfaces provide different levels of traction, directly affecting when skids begin and how they behave

Different road surfaces dramatically affect traction: dry concrete provides the most grip, wet surfaces reduce traction, ice can reduce it by 80% or more, and gravel or dirt create unpredictable traction.

Question 33: What is 'off-tracking' in a tractor-trailer?

When the kingpin disengages during a sharp turn
When the trailer drifts out of its lane on a highway
The tendency of rear axles to follow a tighter path than the front axles in a turn (Correct answer)
The lateral sway of the trailer at highway speed

Correct answer: The tendency of rear axles to follow a tighter path than the front axles in a turn

Off-tracking occurs because the rear axles of a long vehicle follow a shorter arc than the front axles, causing them to cut inside on turns.

Question 34: A driver is operating a tractor-trailer and the front wheels lose traction, causing the vehicle to continue straight ahead despite turning the steering wheel. This is known as a front-wheel skid. Which of the following is the correct recovery action?

Take your foot off the accelerator and avoid braking. (Correct answer)
Apply the brakes hard to shift weight to the front axle.
Turn the steering wheel more aggressively in the desired direction.
Accelerate to pull the vehicle through the turn.

Correct answer: Take your foot off the accelerator and avoid braking.

In a front-wheel skid, the tires have lost their grip. The primary goal is to let the wheels regain traction. Taking your foot off the accelerator allows the vehicle to slow, and avoiding the brakes prevents them from locking, which would prolong the skid.

Question 35: What is the danger of 'riding the clutch' in a manual transmission CMV?

It disengages the fuel pump
It locks the differential
It generates excessive heat and premature clutch wear (Correct answer)
It causes the transmission to skip gears

Correct answer: It generates excessive heat and premature clutch wear

Resting the foot on the clutch pedal causes partial disengagement and friction, generating heat that accelerates clutch wear.

Question 36: When driving a CMV on a slippery surface, how should a driver adjust braking technique to reduce the risk of a skid?

Apply brakes early and gradually with light, steady pressure (Correct answer)
Downshift rapidly to create maximum engine braking force
Apply firm, continuous brake pressure throughout the stop
Use only the engine brake to decelerate

Correct answer: Apply brakes early and gradually with light, steady pressure

Braking early and gradually allows weight to transfer smoothly and keeps brake heat manageable, reducing the chance of wheel lockup. Firm continuous pressure can lock wheels on slippery surfaces, while rapid downshifting can cause rear wheel lockup from sudden deceleration.

Question 37: What should you do if you cannot see the road ahead due to a dust storm?

Stop in your lane with flashers on
Pull completely off the road and stop; turn off your lights (Correct answer)
Speed up to get through the dust storm quickly
Turn on high beams and continue at reduced speed

Correct answer: Pull completely off the road and stop; turn off your lights

In a dust storm with zero visibility, you should pull completely off the road, stop, and turn off your lights. Leaving lights on can cause following drivers to use your taillights as a guide and crash into you.

Question 38: Under ELDT rules, what are the two required components of behind-the-wheel (BTW) training?

Range training and public road training (Correct answer)
Daytime driving and nighttime driving
Urban route training and rural route training
Highway driving and mountain driving

Correct answer: Range training and public road training

FMCSA requires behind-the-wheel training to consist of range exercises (conducted on a driving range or similar controlled area) and public road driving (conducted in real traffic conditions). Both components must be completed to satisfy ELDT.

Question 39: The majority of large cars need ________ shift gears.

double shifting
double clutching (Correct answer)
single clutching
triple shifting

Correct answer: double clutching

The majority of large commercial vehicles, especially older models or those with non-synchronized transmissions, require double clutching to shift gears smoothly and efficiently. This technique involves pressing the clutch, shifting to neutral, releasing the clutch, matching engine RPMs, pressing the clutch again, and then shifting into the next gear. It ensures proper gear engagement and prevents transmission damage.

Question 40: When descending a long, steep grade, the driver should primarily rely on what?

Constant hard braking
Neutral to save fuel
A lower gear and engine braking (Correct answer)
The parking brake

Correct answer: A lower gear and engine braking

Selecting a lower gear uses engine braking and prevents brake overheating on long downgrades.

Question 41: When backing a tractor-trailer, which direction does the trailer go when the driver turns the steering wheel to the left?

The trailer moves straight back
The trailer moves right (Correct answer)
The trailer pivots away from the cab
The trailer moves left

Correct answer: The trailer moves right

When backing, turning the steering wheel left moves the front of the tractor left, which pushes the trailer to the right.

Question 42: Is there a required minimum number of behind-the-wheel hours in the federal ELDT rule?

Yes, exactly 100 hours
Yes, exactly 40 hours
No, there is no federal minimum hour requirement (Correct answer)
Yes, exactly 250 hours

Correct answer: No, there is no federal minimum hour requirement

The FMCSA rule sets proficiency standards but does not mandate a specific number of BTW hours.

Question 43: Why is it important to use the proper gear when starting on an uphill grade?

To allow the air compressor to build pressure
To avoid rolling back and maintain enough power to move forward (Correct answer)
To prevent radiator overheating
To engage the PTO at the correct RPM

Correct answer: To avoid rolling back and maintain enough power to move forward

Starting in too high a gear on a hill may stall the engine, while the correct low gear provides sufficient torque to move the loaded vehicle forward.

Question 44: How do team drivers manage Hours of Service?

Team drivers are exempt from HOS rules
Both drivers share the same log
Each driver maintains their own individual HOS record (Correct answer)
Only the primary driver keeps records

Correct answer: Each driver maintains their own individual HOS record

Each team driver must maintain their own individual HOS record. Time spent in the sleeper berth while the other driver operates counts as sleeper berth time for the resting driver.

Question 45: What does the term 'stall speed' mean in the context of automatic transmissions in CMVs?

The speed at which the torque converter stops transferring power efficiently (Correct answer)
The RPM limit for park engagement
The RPM at which the engine shuts off
The minimum speed needed before shifting out of first

Correct answer: The speed at which the torque converter stops transferring power efficiently

Stall speed is the RPM point at which the torque converter can no longer efficiently transfer engine power to the drivetrain under load.

Question 46: When you approach a bridge or overpass in freezing weather, you should expect them to be:

Warmer than the road
Free of any ice
Icier than the surrounding road (Correct answer)
Always dry

Correct answer: Icier than the surrounding road

Bridges and overpasses freeze first because cold air circulates above and below them.

Question 47: It is customary to indicate your intention to turn at least ____ before making a lane change.

75 feet
50 feet
250 feet
100 feet (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 100 feet

It is customary and legally required in many jurisdictions to signal your intention to turn or change lanes at least 100 feet before executing the maneuver. This provides other drivers with sufficient warning of your intentions, allowing them enough time to react safely and adjust their speed or position. This advance notice is crucial for preventing potential collisions and maintaining smooth traffic flow.

Question 48: What is the proper procedure for checking the air brake system during a pre-trip inspection?

Air brakes do not require pre-trip testing
Just listen for air leaks
Only check that the brake pedal works
Build air pressure, test low-pressure warning, check air leak rate, and test parking and service brakes (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Build air pressure, test low-pressure warning, check air leak rate, and test parking and service brakes

A complete air brake pre-trip check includes building full pressure, testing the low-pressure warning signal, measuring air leak rate, and testing both parking and service brakes.

Question 49: What is the maximum allowable cargo weight on any single axle of a commercial vehicle on interstate highways under federal bridge law?

80,000 lbs
20,000 lbs (Correct answer)
40,000 lbs
34,000 lbs

Correct answer: 20,000 lbs

Federal bridge law limits a single axle to 20,000 lbs, a tandem axle group to 34,000 lbs, and the gross vehicle weight to 80,000 lbs on interstate highways to protect road and bridge infrastructure.

Question 50: How do you identify a potential road rage driver as a hazard?

Aggressive lane changes, tailgating, honking, and excessive speeding (Correct answer)
They are driving a red vehicle
They are driving below the speed limit
They have bumper stickers

Correct answer: Aggressive lane changes, tailgating, honking, and excessive speeding

Road rage indicators include aggressive lane changes, tailgating, excessive honking, obscene gestures, speeding, and erratic driving behavior.

Question 51: What is the purpose of the one-way check valve in the air brake system?

To drain moisture from the tanks
To check the air quality
To allow air to flow in only one direction, preventing backflow from the tanks to the compressor (Correct answer)
To measure air flow speed

Correct answer: To allow air to flow in only one direction, preventing backflow from the tanks to the compressor

The one-way check valve allows air to flow from the compressor into the air tanks but prevents it from flowing back, ensuring that pressure is maintained even if the compressor fails.

Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT)

This certification ensures new commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers receive standardized training in both theory and behind-the-wheel instruction before taking the CDL skills test.

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These practice questions were written with AI tools. They are not real exam questions. Exam facts are checked against the official sources listed below. Not reviewed by a subject-matter expert. Editorial policy

Sources & references

Exam facts on this page (fees, format, dates, passing scores) are checked against these official sources; the date is our last check. Editorial policy

ecfr.gov — Passing score, registration deadline · verified Oct 2026
fmcsa.dot.gov — Eligibility · verified Oct 2026