Language Acquisition & Development Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Language Acquisition & Development flashcards as text
A newcomer ELL understands the lesson but freezes and stops talking when called on in front of peers. Which of Krashen's hypotheses best explains this?
Answer: Affective Filter Hypothesis
High anxiety raises the affective filter, which blocks input from becoming acquisition and limits output.
According to Swain's Output Hypothesis, what is a key benefit of making learners produce language?
Answer: It helps learners notice gaps between what they want to say and what they can say
Swain argued that pushed output makes learners notice gaps in their interlanguage and test hypotheses.
Two students clarify meaning by asking 'What do you mean?' and rephrasing until they understand each other. Which theory emphasizes this process?
Answer: Long's Interaction Hypothesis
Long's Interaction Hypothesis holds that negotiation of meaning makes input comprehensible and promotes acquisition.
An ELL chats fluently with friends at recess but struggles with a science textbook. According to Cummins, how long does academic language proficiency (CALP) typically take to develop?
Answer: 5 to 7 years
Cummins found BICS develops in about 1-2 years while CALP typically takes 5-7 years or longer.
Cummins' 'iceberg' model of Common Underlying Proficiency suggests which instructional implication?
Answer: Concepts and skills learned in L1 can transfer to L2
CUP holds that languages share an underlying cognitive base, so L1 knowledge and literacy transfer to L2.
An adult learner has spoken English for 15 years but still consistently omits articles despite extensive exposure. This is best described as:
Answer: Fossilization
Selinker used fossilization for interlanguage features that stop developing despite continued input.
A teacher gives sentence frames that an ELL can use with support but not yet alone, then gradually removes them. This approach applies which concept?
Answer: Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's ZPD is the gap between independent and assisted performance, bridged by scaffolding that is gradually removed.
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