ESL Reading & Writing Instruction Flashcards

What is the 'writing workshop' model primarily characterized by?

Answer: Structured time for students to write on self-chosen topics with teacher and peer conferences

The writing workshop model allocates sustained writing time, student choice of topic, and regular feedback through mini-lessons and conferences.

Which cohesive device is used in the sentence: 'She studied hard. As a result, she passed the exam'?

Answer: Connective / transitional phrase

'As a result' is a conjunctive adverb that signals a cause-and-effect relationship between the two sentences.

What is 'scaffolded writing' for ESL learners?

Answer: Providing structured supports like sentence frames or graphic organizers that guide learners through the writing process

Scaffolded writing offers temporary structural support—such as sentence starters or outlines—that is withdrawn as learner independence grows.

Why is vocabulary instruction important in ESL reading comprehension?

Answer: A reader must know approximately 95–98% of words in a text to read it with adequate comprehension

Research shows that readers need to know most words in a text (95–98%) to comprehend it without significant breakdowns.

What is 'audience awareness' in ESL writing instruction?

Answer: Understanding who will read the text and adapting tone, style, and content accordingly

Audience awareness requires writers to consider their readers' background, expectations, and needs when making language and content choices.

Which assessment practice involves students collecting work samples over time to demonstrate growth in writing?

Answer: Portfolio assessment

Portfolio assessment captures a learner's progress over time through multiple samples, offering a richer picture than a single test.