ESAT ESAT Biology 3

Question 1

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 2

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs make their own food; heterotrophs consume other organisms

Answer

Autotrophs (e.g., plants) produce organic compounds from inorganic sources; heterotrophs (e.g., animals) obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Question 3

In the human nervous system, what is the role of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

The junction where signals are transmitted between neurons via neurotransmitters

Answer

A synapse is the gap between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals across the junction.

Question 4

What type of molecule forms the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Answer

Phospholipids are amphipathic, with polar (hydrophilic) heads facing water and non-polar (hydrophobic) tails forming the interior.

Question 5

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium used for in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Predicting allele frequencies in a non-evolving population

Answer

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes the allele and genotype frequencies in an ideally non-evolving population, serving as a baseline for detecting evolution.

ESAT - Engineering & Science Admissions Test Practice Test

ESAT - Engineering & Science Admissions Test Practice Test

ESAT ESAT Biology 3