ESAT ESAT Biology 3

Question 1

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

RNA → DNA → Protein

Answer

Protein → RNA → DNA

Answer

DNA → Protein → RNA

Question 2

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs make their own food; heterotrophs consume other organisms

Answer

Heterotrophs make their own food via photosynthesis

Answer

Autotrophs are animals; heterotrophs are plants

Answer

Both terms describe the same feeding strategy

Question 3

In the human nervous system, what is the role of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

The junction where signals are transmitted between neurons via neurotransmitters

Answer

The site where action potentials are generated

Answer

The region that myelinates axons

Answer

The structure that stores neurotransmitters permanently

Question 4

What type of molecule forms the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Answer

Purely hydrophobic lipids

Answer

Carbohydrate chains

Answer

Cholesterol alone

Question 5

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium used for in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Predicting allele frequencies in a non-evolving population

Answer

Calculating mutation rates

Answer

Determining protein folding

Answer

Measuring gene expression levels

Question 6

What is the product of anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactate and a small amount of ATP

Answer

Ethanol and CO₂

Answer

Glucose and water

Answer

Oxygen and ATP