ESAT ESAT Biology 2

Question 1

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells

Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth/repair; meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes.

Question 2

What is the role of the ribosome in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis (translation)

Answer

Ribosomes read mRNA codons and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains during translation.

Question 3

What does the term 'natural selection' mean in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more

Answer

Natural selection is the process by which heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction become more common over generations.

Question 4

What is the function of haemoglobin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transport oxygen in red blood cells

Answer

Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen from lungs to tissues.

Question 5

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Ribosomes are the organelles that carry out translation, assembling amino acids into proteins.

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