ESAT ESAT Biology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
- Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells (Correct answer)
- Mitosis produces haploid cells; meiosis produces diploid cells
- Both produce identical haploid cells
- Mitosis only occurs in gametes
Correct answer: Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 haploid cells
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth/repair; meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes.
Question 2: What is the role of the ribosome in a cell?
- Protein synthesis (translation) (Correct answer)
- DNA replication
- Energy production
- Lipid digestion
Correct answer: Protein synthesis (translation)
Ribosomes read mRNA codons and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains during translation.
Question 3: What does the term 'natural selection' mean in evolutionary biology?
- Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more (Correct answer)
- Organisms choose their own traits
- All individuals in a population survive equally
- Traits are inherited from only one parent
Correct answer: Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more
Natural selection is the process by which heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction become more common over generations.
Question 4: What is the function of haemoglobin in the human body?
- Transport oxygen in red blood cells (Correct answer)
- Break down glucose in respiration
- Produce antibodies
- Regulate blood pressure
Correct answer: Transport oxygen in red blood cells
Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen from lungs to tissues.
Question 5: Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
- Ribosome (Correct answer)
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosome
- Vacuole
Correct answer: Ribosome
Ribosomes are the organelles that carry out translation, assembling amino acids into proteins.
Question 6: What is osmosis in biological systems?
- Movement of water molecules from high to low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane (Correct answer)
- Movement of solutes from low to high concentration
- Active transport of ions against a gradient
- Diffusion of gases across a membrane
Correct answer: Movement of water molecules from high to low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis is the passive movement of water down its water potential gradient across a selectively permeable membrane.
ESAT ESAT Biology 2
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?