Epic Skills Assessment: Software Development Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Epic Skills Assessment: Software Development flashcards as text
A device driver will be present for each piece of hardware, enabling the operating system to interact with and control it. There may be hundreds of drivers pre-installed with the operating system, and when the computer boots up, the appropriate drivers are loaded. Device drivers are stored in files known as the "registry" in Windows. They are referred to as "configuration files" in Linux. Different operating systems will require different device drivers for devices like printers, scanners, tablets, cameras, etc.
Answer: Device Drivers
The provided text explicitly describes the function and characteristics of device drivers. It states that they enable the operating system to interact with hardware, are loaded during boot-up, and are specific to different operating systems and devices, directly matching the definition of device drivers.
This is present in systems intended to use a computer to direct a number of operations. The engine and exhaust system in an automobile is under the microsecond control of the engine management computer. It requires processing a number of inputs that are constantly changing in order to produce an output. Fast only sometimes equates to real-time. For instance, a real-time operating system on a traffic signal computer can respond in just a few seconds. On the other hand, a car's braking system would have to react in milliseconds.
Answer: Real Time Operating System
The passage describes systems that require precise and timely responses to continuously changing inputs, such as engine management or car braking systems. It explicitly mentions 'real-time operating system' and differentiates between response times (seconds for traffic signals, milliseconds for braking), which are key characteristics of RTOS designed for specific time constraints.
An unfavorable situation known as a "stack overflow" occurs when a specific computer program tries to consume more memory than the call stack can hold. The call stack is a buffer used in programming that contains requests that must be addressed.
Answer: Stack Overflow
The text directly defines 'stack overflow' as an unfavorable situation where a program attempts to use more memory than the call stack can accommodate. It also explains what the call stack is, making the answer a direct match to the provided definition.
Computer memory must be managed at the system level. Depending on the type of computer being evaluated, the memory capacity can vary greatly. For instance, a processor chip in a commercial card, like a chip-and-pin credit card, will have a very small amount of memory to store encrypted data. Petabytes of memory will need to be managed by a supercomputer (1 million GB).
Answer: Memory Management
The passage emphasizes the necessity of managing computer memory at the system level, highlighting the vast differences in memory capacity across various devices, from credit cards to supercomputers. This entire discussion revolves around the concept and challenges of 'memory management' within an operating system, which is crucial for system performance and stability.
Its initials, BIOS, denote the Basic Input/output System. The processor's program points to the BIOS memory when a computer is first turned on since the BIOS is responsible for getting it up and running. The BIOS will typically first check that the processor is operating, that the memory is installed and accessible, and that the machine is operational. It then uses a bootloader program to put the operating system's kernel into memory. This is known as the power-on self-test. Typically, flash memory is used to store the BIOS to be updated. Additionally, this enables the alteration and future storage of settings like the disk boot order.
Answer: Bios
The text explicitly introduces 'BIOS' as the Basic Input/output System and then details its critical functions during computer startup. It describes how BIOS performs the power-on self-test, loads the operating system kernel, and stores settings, all of which are defining roles of the BIOS.
This school's computers are part of a network. Networked operating systems are common in businesses. An operating system that can handle the network is required on each of these machines.
Answer: Networking Operating System
The passage describes a scenario where computers are part of a network, and an operating system capable of handling network functionalities is required for each machine. This directly points to a 'Networking Operating System,' which is specifically designed to manage network resources, users, and data across connected computers.
In response to your keystrokes and other inputs, this portion of the operating system controls what you see on the screen. The user interface may be as simple as a server's command line or a fully featured graphical user interface.
Answer: User Interface
The description clearly defines the 'User Interface' as the part of the operating system that controls what the user sees on the screen and responds to inputs like keystrokes. It also mentions its various forms, from command-line interfaces to graphical user interfaces, which are all types of user interfaces.