Rhinology and Sinonasal Disorders Flashcards

According to the EPOS guidelines, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting at least how long?

Answer: 12 weeks

EPOS defines CRS as sinonasal inflammation persisting for 12 weeks or longer despite treatment attempts.

Which of the following is the most common causative organism in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?

Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, followed by Haemophilus influenzae.

Samter's triad (Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease) consists of which combination?

Answer: Asthma, nasal polyposis, and NSAID sensitivity

Samter's triad comprises asthma, nasal polyposis, and sensitivity to aspirin/NSAIDs, driven by arachidonic acid pathway dysregulation.

The ostiomeatal complex (OMC) is clinically important in rhinosinusitis because it serves as the drainage pathway for which group of sinuses?

Answer: Frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoid sinuses

The OMC is the final common drainage pathway for the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoid sinuses; obstruction at this point predisposes to sinusitis in these regions.

Which imaging modality is considered the gold standard for evaluating sinonasal anatomy before functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)?

Answer: Non-contrast CT of the paranasal sinuses

Non-contrast CT of the paranasal sinuses provides the bony detail and anatomic roadmap essential for safe FESS planning.

First-line management for anterior epistaxis unresponsive to direct pressure involves which intervention?

Answer: Chemical cautery with silver nitrate

Chemical cautery with silver nitrate is the first-line office-based procedure for anterior epistaxis at Kiesselbach's plexus after direct pressure fails.

Nasal polyposis is most strongly associated with which underlying condition?

Answer: Type 2 eosinophilic inflammation

Nasal polyps arise predominantly from type 2 (Th2-mediated) eosinophilic inflammation, as evidenced by high tissue eosinophil and IL-5 levels.