Medical and Surgical Treatment Flashcards

What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis?

Answer: Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is often the first-line antibiotic treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis due to its effectiveness against common bacterial pathogens that cause sinus infections. As a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic, it works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This makes it a suitable initial choice before considering other antibiotics if resistance is suspected.

What is the most common surgical procedure for chronic tonsillitis?

Answer: Tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils, which are lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat. It is the most common surgical procedure for chronic tonsillitis, a condition characterized by recurrent or persistent inflammation and infection of the tonsils. This often leads to symptoms like sore throats, difficulty swallowing, and breathing issues.

Which medication is commonly prescribed for allergic rhinitis?

Answer: Fluticasone

Fluticasone is a corticosteroid medication commonly prescribed as a nasal spray for allergic rhinitis. It works by reducing inflammation in the nasal passages, thereby alleviating symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itching associated with allergies. Unlike antihistamines, it directly targets the inflammatory response to provide relief.

What surgical procedure corrects a deviated nasal septum?

Answer: Septoplasty

Septoplasty is a surgical procedure specifically designed to correct a deviated nasal septum, which is the wall between the nostrils. By straightening the septum, septoplasty improves airflow through the nose. This alleviates symptoms like chronic nasal obstruction, difficulty breathing, and recurrent sinus infections caused by the deviation.

Which medication is typically used to treat vertigo associated with vestibular disorders?

Answer: Meclizine

Meclizine is an antihistamine with antiemetic and anticholinergic properties, commonly used to treat vertigo, dizziness, and nausea associated with vestibular disorders. It works by depressing excitability in the labyrinth and blocking histamine receptors. This helps to reduce the sensation of spinning and improve overall balance.

What is the primary purpose of tympanoplasty?

Answer: To repair a perforated eardrum

Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to repair a perforated (holed) eardrum, also known as the tympanic membrane. The primary goal is to close the hole, which can significantly improve hearing and prevent recurrent ear infections. This procedure restores the eardrum's integrity and its crucial protective barrier function.