ENT Pediatric and Special Populations Flashcards

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?

Answer: Otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

Otitis media with effusion ('glue ear') is the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in pediatric patients due to Eustachian tube dysfunction.

According to EHDI/JCIH guidelines, by what age should newborn hearing screening be completed in the US?

Answer: 1 month (before hospital discharge)

JCIH guidelines recommend universal newborn hearing screening before hospital discharge or by 1 month of age as part of the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention program.

Which congenital anomaly involves an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus?

Answer: Tracheoesophageal fistula

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital defect where an abnormal passage forms between the trachea and esophagus, often associated with esophageal atresia.

What is the most common cause of chronic inspiratory stridor in infants?

Answer: Laryngomalacia

Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of chronic stridor in infants, caused by immature, floppy supraglottic cartilage that collapses during inspiration.

Which syndrome is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss combined with thyroid goiter and is caused by SLC26A4 mutations?

Answer: Pendred syndrome

Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by SLC26A4 mutations, presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and thyroid goiter with normal vestibular function.

What is the FDA-approved minimum age for cochlear implantation in profoundly deaf children in the US?

Answer: 12 months

Current FDA approval and clinical practice support cochlear implantation at 12 months of age for children with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.