EmSAT Biology 1

Question 1

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration, supplying energy for all cell functions.

Question 2

Which type of cell division produces haploid gametes such as sperm and egg cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Meiosis involves two rounds of division that halve the chromosome number, producing haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 3

In a DNA molecule, which of the following correctly describes the base-pairing rules?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds, and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds in DNA.

Question 4

Which organelle is the primary site of protein synthesis in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Ribosomes translate mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains, making them the site of protein synthesis.

Question 5

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Answer

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll.

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