EmSAT Biology 4

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies them, and packages them into vesicles for export or delivery to other organelles.

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over (recombination) occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Crossing over occurs during Prophase I when homologous chromosomes form bivalents and exchange segments at chiasmata.

Question 3

A population of bacteria doubles every 20 minutes. Starting with 100 bacteria, how many will there be after 1 hour?

Accepted Answer

800

Answer

After 1 hour (3 doubling periods): 100 × 2³ = 100 × 8 = 800 bacteria.

Question 4

Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and carries the codon sequence to ribosomes for translation.

Question 5

What is the term for the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a hypotonic (low solute) to a hypertonic (high solute) region.

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