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Biology Flashcards

7 cards from real EMSAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP through cellular respiration?

    Answer: Mitochondria

    Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration, supplying energy for all cell functions.

  2. Which type of cell division produces haploid gametes such as sperm and egg cells?

    Answer: Meiosis

    Meiosis involves two rounds of division that halve the chromosome number, producing haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.

  3. In a DNA molecule, which of the following correctly describes the base-pairing rules?

    Answer: Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine

    Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds, and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds in DNA.

  4. Which organelle is the primary site of protein synthesis in the cell?

    Answer: Ribosome

    Ribosomes translate mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains, making them the site of protein synthesis.

  5. What is the overall equation for photosynthesis in plants?

    Answer: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

    Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll.

  6. What term describes the specific alleles an organism carries for a given trait, as opposed to its observable characteristics?

    Answer: Genotype

    The genotype refers to the genetic constitution (allele combinations) of an organism, which may or may not be expressed visibly.

  7. Which blood type is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

    Answer: O-

    O- blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on red blood cells, making it compatible with all blood types without triggering an immune reaction.

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Sources & references

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  1. emsat.moe.gov.ae — Test delivery, eligibility, time limit, retake fee, retake policy, score release, exam format, exam information · verified Oct 2026
  2. mohesr.gov.ae — Eligibility · verified Oct 2026