EmSAT Biology Flashcards

What is the powerhouse of the cell?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular functions.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer: Protein synthesis

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into proteins following the genetic code.

What type of cell does NOT have a nucleus?

Answer: Prokaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Their genetic material is found in the nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells (animals, plants, fungi) all have a nucleus.

What is osmosis?

Answer: Movement of water from high to low solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane

Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (low water concentration).

What is the role of DNA in a cell?

Answer: Carries genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information of an organism and contains the instructions for synthesizing all proteins needed for the organism's structure and function.

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer: Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid cells

Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid (2n) daughter cells for growth and repair. Meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid (n) cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction.