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EmSAT Biology Flashcards

6 cards from real EMSAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the process of transcription in molecular biology?

    Answer: DNA → RNA (making mRNA from DNA)

    Transcription is the process of making a messenger RNA (mRNA) copy of a DNA gene. It occurs in the nucleus and is the first step in gene expression.

  2. What is translation in protein synthesis?

    Answer: RNA → Protein

    Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a protein, following the genetic code.

  3. What is a codon?

    Answer: A sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for one amino acid

    A codon is a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid (or start/stop signal). There are 64 possible codons coding for 20 amino acids.

  4. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    Answer: Brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

    Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.

  5. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    Answer: DNA → RNA → Protein

    The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA (transcription), which is then translated into protein (translation). Information flows DNA → RNA → Protein.

  6. What is epigenetics?

    Answer: Changes in gene expression not involving DNA sequence changes

    Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself. These changes (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification) can be influenced by the environment and can be heritable.

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Sources & references

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  1. emsat.moe.gov.ae — Test delivery, eligibility, time limit, retake fee, retake policy, score release, exam format, exam information · verified Oct 2026
  2. mohesr.gov.ae — Eligibility · verified Oct 2026