EmSAT EmSAT Biology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the powerhouse of the cell?
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Chloroplast
Correct answer: Mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular functions.
Question 2: What is the function of ribosomes?
- Energy production
- Protein synthesis (Correct answer)
- DNA replication
- Lipid storage
Correct answer: Protein synthesis
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into proteins following the genetic code.
Question 3: What type of cell does NOT have a nucleus?
- Animal cell
- Plant cell
- Prokaryotic cell (Correct answer)
- Fungal cell
Correct answer: Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Their genetic material is found in the nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells (animals, plants, fungi) all have a nucleus.
Question 4: What is osmosis?
- Movement of solute from low to high concentration
- Movement of water from high to low solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane (Correct answer)
- Active transport of glucose
- Movement of oxygen into cells
Correct answer: Movement of water from high to low solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (low water concentration).
Question 5: What is the role of DNA in a cell?
- Produces energy
- Carries genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis (Correct answer)
- Transports oxygen
- Breaks down food
Correct answer: Carries genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information of an organism and contains the instructions for synthesizing all proteins needed for the organism's structure and function.
Question 6: What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
- Mitosis produces 4 cells; meiosis produces 2 cells
- Mitosis is for reproduction; meiosis is for growth
- Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid cells (Correct answer)
- Both produce haploid cells
Correct answer: Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid cells
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid (2n) daughter cells for growth and repair. Meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid (n) cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction.
EmSAT EmSAT Biology 1
What is the powerhouse of the cell?