EmSAT EmSAT Biology 6

Question 1

What is the process of transcription in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA (making mRNA from DNA)

Answer

Transcription is the process of making a messenger RNA (mRNA) copy of a DNA gene. It occurs in the nucleus and is the first step in gene expression.

Question 2

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA → Protein

Answer

Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a protein, following the genetic code.

Question 3

What is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for one amino acid

Answer

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid (or start/stop signal). There are 64 possible codons coding for 20 amino acids.

Question 4

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome during translation

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added.

Question 5

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA (transcription), which is then translated into protein (translation). Information flows DNA → RNA → Protein.

EmSAT Practice Test

EmSAT Practice Test

EmSAT EmSAT Biology 6