ELSA Discourse Markers & Text Cohesion 2

Question 1

Which type of reference creates cohesion by pointing forward to something identified later in the text?

Accepted Answer

Cataphoric reference

Answer

Cataphoric reference points forward to something that will be explained or named later, unlike anaphoric reference which points backward.

Question 2

In 'John forgot his umbrella. This mistake cost him dearly,' which cohesive device is used?

Accepted Answer

Reference

Answer

'This mistake' uses demonstrative reference to point back to the event in the previous sentence, creating cohesion.

Question 3

Which sentence best demonstrates ellipsis as a cohesive device?

Accepted Answer

Tom likes coffee, and Sarah does too.

Answer

In option B, 'likes coffee' is omitted after 'does,' creating ellipsis—a cohesive device that avoids unnecessary repetition.

Question 4

Which of the following creates cohesion through a lexical chain of synonyms?

Accepted Answer

The dog ran fast. The animal moved swiftly across the yard.

Answer

Option A uses 'dog/animal' and 'ran fast/moved swiftly' as synonym pairs, creating lexical cohesion through related vocabulary.

Question 5

"_______ the rain, the outdoor event continued as planned." Which word creates a concessive relationship?

Accepted Answer

Despite

Answer

'Despite' signals that the event continued even though the rain would normally be expected to prevent it, showing a concessive relationship.

(ELSA) English Language Skills Assessment Practice Test