ELAR Foundations of Reading 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which skill is a student demonstrating when they correctly break the word 'sunshine' into 'sun' and 'shine'?
- Phoneme segmentation
- Compound word analysis (Correct answer)
- Onset-rime manipulation
- Syllable blending
Correct answer: Compound word analysis
Identifying the two base words within a compound word ('sun' + 'shine') is compound word analysis, a morphological awareness skill.
Question 2: A teacher asks students to change the /k/ in 'cat' to /b/ to make a new word. This activity targets which skill?
- Phoneme substitution (Correct answer)
- Phoneme blending
- Phoneme deletion
- Syllable segmentation
Correct answer: Phoneme substitution
Phoneme substitution involves replacing one sound in a word with a different sound to form a new word.
Question 3: According to the Simple View of Reading, overall reading comprehension is the product of which two components?
- Fluency and vocabulary
- Decoding and language comprehension (Correct answer)
- Phonics and phonemic awareness
- Background knowledge and print concepts
Correct answer: Decoding and language comprehension
The Simple View of Reading states that Reading Comprehension = Decoding × Language Comprehension.
Question 4: Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme?
- The prefix 'un-' in 'unhappy'
- The suffix '-ness' in 'kindness'
- The suffix '-ed' in 'walked' (Correct answer)
- The root 'port' in 'transport'
Correct answer: The suffix '-ed' in 'walked'
Inflectional morphemes like '-ed' modify a word's tense without changing its part of speech or core meaning.
Question 5: What does 'print directionality' mean in early literacy development?
- Knowing the difference between uppercase and lowercase letters
- Understanding that English text is read left to right and top to bottom (Correct answer)
- Recognizing that print conveys meaning
- Identifying the title and author on a book cover
Correct answer: Understanding that English text is read left to right and top to bottom
Print directionality is the understanding that English text is read from left to right and from top to bottom on a page.
Question 6: A student reads grade-level text accurately but very slowly and without expression. Which reading component is most affected?
- Phonemic awareness
- Reading fluency (Correct answer)
- Letter-sound knowledge
- Morphological awareness
Correct answer: Reading fluency
Reading fluency encompasses accuracy, rate, and prosody (expression); a student who reads slowly and without expression lacks full fluency.
Question 7: Which of the following words contains a closed syllable?
- cake
- go
- mop (Correct answer)
- pie
Correct answer: mop
A closed syllable ends in a consonant and typically has a short vowel sound; 'mop' (CVC pattern) is a closed syllable.
ELAR Foundations of Reading 3
Which skill is a student demonstrating when they correctly break the word 'sunshine' into 'sun' and 'shine'?