Foundations of Reading Flashcards

Which term describes the ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?

Answer: Phonemic awareness

Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes (sounds) in spoken words.

A student reads 'ship' as 'chip.' This error most likely indicates difficulty with which phoneme?

Answer: The initial consonant digraph /sh/

Substituting 'ch' for 'sh' shows the student is confusing the /sh/ digraph with the /ch/ digraph.

What does 'orthographic knowledge' primarily refer to in reading instruction?

Answer: Knowledge of the spelling patterns and conventions of a language

Orthographic knowledge refers to understanding how letters and letter patterns represent sounds in a writing system.

Which reading approach teaches students to use letter-sound relationships to decode unfamiliar words?

Answer: Systematic phonics

Systematic phonics instruction explicitly teaches letter-sound correspondences in a structured, sequential order.

A child counts three sounds in the word 'splash.' Is this correct?

Answer: No, there are five phonemes: /s/ /p/ /l/ /a/ /sh/

'Splash' contains five phonemes: /s/, /p/, /l/, /æ/, /ʃ/, so three is an undercount.

Which text structure feature signals a cause-and-effect relationship in informational text?

Answer: Words like 'therefore,' 'as a result,' and 'because'

Signal words such as 'therefore,' 'as a result,' and 'because' indicate a cause-and-effect text structure.

What is a 'morpheme' in the context of reading and language development?

Answer: The smallest meaningful unit of language

A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, such as the word 'run' or the suffix '-ing.'