EFM - Electronic Fetal Monitoring Special Populations and High-Risk Conditions Questions and Answers Flashcards
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Read the first 6 EFM - Electronic Fetal Monitoring Special Populations and High-Risk Conditions Questions and Answers flashcards as text
Which EFM pattern is most classically associated with umbilical cord prolapse?
Answer: Severe prolonged deceleration that does not recover
Cord prolapse causes direct cord compression by the presenting part, resulting in a severe prolonged deceleration that does not recover without immediate relief of compression.
In a patient with maternal cardiac disease on continuous EFM, which maternal change is MOST likely to compromise fetal oxygenation during labor?
Answer: Decreased maternal cardiac output reducing uteroplacental perfusion
Maternal cardiac disease can limit the ability to increase cardiac output during labor, reducing uteroplacental blood flow and fetal oxygen delivery.
A patient at 34 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is on EFM. Which concern is MOST elevated compared to a term patient?
Answer: Cord compression from oligohydramnios causing variable decelerations
PPROM leads to oligohydramnios, which reduces the fluid cushion around the umbilical cord and significantly increases the frequency of cord compression and variable decelerations.
In a patient with poorly controlled asthma in labor, which EFM change may occur if the mother develops acute bronchospasm?
Answer: Fetal tachycardia followed by decelerations if maternal hypoxia progresses
Maternal bronchospasm reduces maternal oxygen saturation, and if hypoxia progresses, it will decrease oxygen delivery to the fetus, initially causing tachycardia and later decelerations.
When providing EFM care for a laboring patient with sickle cell disease, the nurse should be MOST alert to which fetal risk?
Answer: Uteroplacental insufficiency from vaso-occlusive crises impairing placental blood flow
Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease can compromise placental microcirculation, creating uteroplacental insufficiency and placing the fetus at risk for hypoxia.
For a patient in active labor with chorioamnionitis, which combination of EFM findings would MOST raise concern for fetal compromise?
Answer: Fetal tachycardia with minimal variability and late decelerations
Chorioamnionitis causes fetal tachycardia from infection and fever, and when combined with minimal variability and late decelerations, it suggests fetal inflammatory compromise and possible acidemia.