Echocardiogram Hemodynamics and Doppler Assessment

Question 1

The modified Bernoulli equation used in Doppler echocardiography is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

ΔP = 4V²

Answer

The simplified modified Bernoulli equation is ΔP = 4V², where V is peak velocity in m/s and ΔP is the pressure gradient in mmHg.

Question 2

Which Doppler modality is best suited for measuring high-velocity jets such as aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Continuous-wave (CW) Doppler

Answer

Continuous-wave Doppler has no aliasing limit and can accurately measure high-velocity jets exceeding 4–5 m/s, making it ideal for aortic stenosis.

Question 3

The continuity equation for calculating aortic valve area uses which three measurements?

Accepted Answer

LVOT diameter, LVOT VTI, and AV VTI

Answer

The continuity equation (AVA = LVOT area × LVOT VTI / AV VTI) requires LVOT diameter, LVOT velocity-time integral, and aortic valve VTI.

Question 4

Normal left ventricular filling pressure is best assessed by which Doppler ratio?

Accepted Answer

E/e' ratio using tissue Doppler

Answer

The E/e' ratio (mitral E velocity divided by mitral annular e' by TDI) is the most validated non-invasive estimate of LV filling pressure.

Question 5

Aliasing on color flow Doppler occurs when the measured velocity exceeds which parameter?

Accepted Answer

The Nyquist limit (half the PRF)

Answer

Aliasing occurs when velocity exceeds the Nyquist limit, which is half the pulse repetition frequency, causing color wraparound from blue to red or vice versa.

(Echocardiogram) Certified Echocardiogram Technician Practice Test

(Echocardiogram) Certified Echocardiogram Technician Practice Test

Echocardiogram Hemodynamics and Doppler Assessment