Echocardiogram Hemodynamics and Doppler Assessment 2

Question 1

Cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography is calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

CO = HR × SV, where SV = LVOT area × LVOT VTI

Answer

Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume, where stroke volume is calculated as LVOT cross-sectional area times LVOT VTI.

Question 2

A mitral inflow pattern showing E/A ratio >2 with short deceleration time (<150 ms) is consistent with which grade of diastolic dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Grade III (restrictive), reversible or irreversible

Answer

Grade III diastolic dysfunction (restrictive filling) is characterized by E/A >2, short deceleration time <150 ms, reflecting markedly elevated filling pressures.

Question 3

Which Doppler finding on pulmonary vein analysis supports elevated left atrial pressure?

Accepted Answer

Systolic flow reversal or blunted S wave (S < D)

Answer

Elevated LA pressure blunts or reverses the systolic pulmonary vein flow component, resulting in S < D or systolic flow reversal.

Question 4

The isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) is measured as the interval between:

Accepted Answer

Aortic valve closure and mitral valve opening

Answer

IVRT is the interval from aortic valve closure to mitral valve opening, representing the period of LV pressure decline before filling begins.

Question 5

In assessing right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) non-invasively, which Doppler measurement is used?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity

Answer

RVSP = 4 × (TR peak velocity)² + estimated RAP, using the modified Bernoulli equation applied to the tricuspid regurgitation jet.

(Echocardiogram) Certified Echocardiogram Technician Practice Test

(Echocardiogram) Certified Echocardiogram Technician Practice Test

Echocardiogram Hemodynamics and Doppler Assessment 2