ECC Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3

Question 1

The intervertebral disc in horses is composed of which two main structures?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

Answer

Intervertebral discs consist of a gel-like nucleus pulposus centrally surrounded by the tough, fibrous annulus fibrosus.

Question 2

Which joint type is found at the atlantoaxial articulation?

Accepted Answer

Pivot (trochoid) joint

Answer

The atlantoaxial joint is a pivot joint that allows rotation of the head and atlas around the dens (odontoid process) of the axis.

Question 3

The equine sacrum is formed by the fusion of how many sacral vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

5

Answer

The horse's sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae (S1–S5), creating a solid bony structure that transmits forces between hindlimbs and spine.

Question 4

Which nerve roots primarily form the brachial plexus in horses?

Accepted Answer

C6–T2

Answer

The equine brachial plexus is formed primarily from ventral branches of C6 through T2, innervating the muscles of the forelimb.

Question 5

In horses, the zygapophyseal (facet) joints are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Synovial (diarthrodial) joints

Answer

Facet joints are synovial diarthrodial joints with articular cartilage, a joint capsule, and synovial fluid enabling controlled intervertebral movement.

(ECC) Equine Chiropractic Certification Practice Test

(ECC) Equine Chiropractic Certification Practice Test

ECC Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3