ECC Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2

Question 1

Which cervical vertebra is unique in that it lacks a vertebral body and functions primarily as a ring?

Accepted Answer

C1 (atlas)

Answer

The atlas (C1) is a ring-shaped vertebra without a true vertebral body, allowing it to articulate with the occipital condyles for nodding motion.

Question 2

The thoracolumbar fascia in horses plays a critical role in:

Accepted Answer

Transmitting propulsive forces from hindquarters to the trunk

Answer

The thoracolumbar fascia acts as a biomechanical link that transmits the propulsive forces generated by the hindlimbs to the thorax and forelimbs.

Question 3

How many true ribs does a horse typically have?

Accepted Answer

8

Answer

Horses have 18 pairs of ribs total, with 8 pairs being true (sternal) ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

Question 4

The supraspinous ligament in horses is especially important because it:

Accepted Answer

Runs along the dorsal spinous processes and contributes to back stabilization

Answer

The supraspinous ligament runs along the tops of the dorsal spinous processes from the withers to the sacrum, helping stabilize the back during locomotion.

Question 5

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for active extension of the equine spine?

Accepted Answer

Epaxial muscles (multifidus, longissimus dorsi)

Answer

The epaxial muscles, including the multifidus and longissimus dorsi, are the primary extensors of the vertebral column in horses.

(ECC) Equine Chiropractic Certification Practice Test

(ECC) Equine Chiropractic Certification Practice Test

ECC Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2