Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards
7 cards from real ECC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals flashcards as text
The ventral longitudinal ligament in the equine spine primarily prevents:
Answer: Excessive extension of the vertebral column
The ventral longitudinal ligament runs along the ventral surface of the vertebral bodies and resists excessive extension (hyperextension) of the spine.
In a horse, the cauda equina refers to:
Answer: The bundle of lumbar and sacral nerve roots below the end of the spinal cord
The cauda equina is the bundle of L4–S5 and coccygeal nerve roots that descend within the vertebral canal below the conus medullaris of the spinal cord.
Which type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of equine facet joints?
Answer: Hyaline (articular) cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of facet joints, providing a smooth, low-friction surface for joint movement.
The multifidus muscle in horses is particularly important for chiropractic consideration because it:
Answer: Provides segmental spinal stabilization and intersegmental control
The multifidus provides segmental stabilization by spanning only 2–4 vertebrae, offering fine intersegmental control rather than gross movement.
Which anatomical landmark is used to identify the lumbosacral space in horses for epidural injection?
Answer: The depression caudal to L6 between the tuber sacrale
The lumbosacral space is identified as the depression palpable between the tuber sacrale (sacral wings), caudal to the last lumbar spinous process.
The yellow ligament (ligamentum flavum) in horses connects:
Answer: The laminae of adjacent vertebrae
The ligamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and, due to its elasticity, helps restore the spine to neutral position after flexion.
Wolff's Law as applied to equine spinal bone remodeling states that:
Answer: Bone remodels its structure in response to the mechanical stresses placed upon it
Wolff's Law states that bone adapts its architecture and density according to the mechanical loads it experiences, forming more bone where stress is highest.