Physical Sciences Flashcards

Which gas law relates volume directly to temperature at constant pressure?

Answer: Charles's Law

Charles's Law states that V/T = constant when pressure is held fixed (V and T must be in absolute units).

What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from a gaseous atom?

Answer: Ionization energy

Ionization energy is the minimum energy needed to remove the outermost electron from a neutral gaseous atom.

A 60 W light bulb operates for 10 hours. How much energy does it consume in joules?

Answer: 2,160,000 J

Energy = Power × Time = 60 W × 36,000 s = 2,160,000 J.

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical identity of an element?

Answer: Proton

The number of protons (atomic number) uniquely identifies each element on the periodic table.

What type of reaction produces heat as a product?

Answer: Exothermic

Exothermic reactions release energy to the surroundings, causing the temperature of the environment to rise.

What is the term for the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

Answer: Refraction

Refraction occurs because light changes speed when entering a medium with a different index of refraction.

In a series circuit with three resistors of 4 Ω, 6 Ω, and 10 Ω, what is the total resistance?

Answer: 20 Ω

In series circuits, total resistance = sum of individual resistances: 4 + 6 + 10 = 20 Ω.