Management Flashcards

Which management theory views organizations as systems that interact with their external environment?

Answer: Systems theory

Systems theory treats organizations as open systems that exchange inputs and outputs with their environment.

A manager who delegates authority but retains accountability is practicing which principle?

Answer: Parity principle

The parity principle states that authority delegated must equal the responsibility assigned, but the manager retains overall accountability.

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

Answer: Salary

Hygiene factors like salary prevent dissatisfaction but do not inherently motivate employees.

Which type of organizational structure groups employees by function such as marketing, finance, and operations?

Answer: Functional structure

A functional structure organizes employees by their specialized role or department.

The process of comparing an organization's performance metrics to industry best practices is called:

Answer: Benchmarking

Benchmarking involves measuring performance against recognized standards or top-performing competitors.

Which leadership style involves the leader making decisions without consulting the team?

Answer: Autocratic

Autocratic leadership centralizes decision-making authority with the leader alone.

Gantt charts are primarily used in management to:

Answer: Schedule and track project tasks over time

Gantt charts display project tasks as horizontal bars across a timeline to aid scheduling and progress tracking.