Pediatric Podiatry Flashcards

What is the most common congenital foot deformity present at birth?

Answer: Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is the most common congenital foot deformity, occurring in approximately 1-2 per 1,000 live births.

Which treatment method is considered the gold standard first-line approach for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)?

Answer: Ponseti casting method

The Ponseti method—a series of weekly manipulations and casts followed by bracing—is the gold standard for clubfoot treatment, achieving correction in over 95% of cases.

Metatarsus adductus is best described as:

Answer: Medial deviation of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot

Metatarsus adductus involves medial (inward) deviation of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot, giving the foot a C-shaped or kidney-bean appearance.

Which classification system is most commonly used to grade the severity of metatarsus adductus?

Answer: Bleck classification

The Bleck classification grades metatarsus adductus by assessing the heel bisector line relative to the toes to determine mild, moderate, or severe deformity.

Calcaneovalgus foot deformity in newborns is characterized by:

Answer: Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

Calcaneovalgus presents as dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot, often with the dorsum resting against the anterior tibia; it typically resolves spontaneously with gentle stretching.

The most common cause of in-toeing gait in children aged 3–10 years is:

Answer: Femoral anteversion

Femoral anteversion—where the femoral neck is excessively rotated anteriorly—is the most common cause of in-toeing in children ages 3–10 and typically resolves spontaneously by adolescence.

At what age does the medial longitudinal arch typically complete its development in children?

Answer: By 6–8 years

The medial longitudinal arch typically develops by 6–8 years of age as the foot musculature and ligaments mature; flatfoot before this age is generally considered physiologic.