DOH Nursing Critical Care and Emergency Nursing 3

Question 1

According to KDIGO criteria, which urine output threshold defines oliguria in acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Accepted Answer

< 0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours

Answer

KDIGO defines oliguria as urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hr for at least 6 consecutive hours, which is Stage 1 AKI.

Question 2

Which nursing intervention is MOST effective in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

Accepted Answer

Daily sedation vacation combined with oral care using chlorhexidine

Answer

Daily sedation vacation reduces ventilator days and oral chlorhexidine reduces oropharyngeal colonisation; together they are the most evidence-based VAP prevention bundle components.

Question 3

Norepinephrine is the first-line vasopressor for septic shock. What is its primary mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1 agonism causing vasoconstriction and increased SVR

Answer

Norepinephrine primarily stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, causing potent vasoconstriction that restores mean arterial pressure in distributive shock.

Question 4

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) initially has serum K+ of 5.8 mmol/L. As insulin infusion begins, what electrolyte change should the nurse anticipate?

Accepted Answer

Potassium will fall rapidly as insulin drives K+ into cells

Answer

Insulin facilitates cellular uptake of potassium; once insulin infusion begins, serum potassium drops rapidly and requires close monitoring with replacement.

Question 5

A patient post-anterior MI develops hypotension, tachycardia, raised JVP, and cool clammy skin. Which type of shock is most consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Cardiogenic shock

Answer

Elevated JVP with hypotension and cold peripheries following a large MI indicates cardiogenic shock due to left ventricular pump failure with venous congestion.

DOH Nursing Practice Test

DOH Nursing Practice Test

DOH Nursing Critical Care and Emergency Nursing 3