DOH Nursing Medication Management 3

Question 1

A patient's blood glucose is 58 mg/dL. They are unconscious and unable to take oral glucose. What medication should be administered?

Accepted Answer

IV dextrose 50% (D50W) or IM glucagon 1 mg

Answer

Unconscious hypoglycemia requires IV dextrose (D50W, 25–50 mL) for rapid correction when IV access exists, or IM/SC glucagon 1 mg if no IV access is available. Glucagon stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis, raising blood glucose within 10–15 minutes. Never give oral glucose to unconscious patients — aspiration risk.

Question 2

A patient prescribed fluoxetine (SSRI) and tramadol concurrently is at risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin syndrome

Answer

Both fluoxetine (increases serotonin via reuptake inhibition) and tramadol (weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor + mu-opioid agonist) increase serotonergic activity. The combination increases risk of serotonin syndrome: tremor, clonus, hyperthermia, agitation, and tachycardia. MAOIs with serotonergic drugs carry the highest risk.

Question 3

A nurse is administering IV phenytoin. Which solution should NOT be used to dilute it?

Accepted Answer

Dextrose (5% D5W) — phenytoin precipitates in dextrose solutions

Answer

Phenytoin precipitates in dextrose (glucose) solutions because the acidic pH of D5W alters solubility. It must be diluted ONLY in normal saline (0.9% NaCl). Additionally, IV phenytoin must be administered slowly (≤50 mg/min in adults) to prevent cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension.

Question 4

A patient taking an aminoglycoside antibiotic reports ringing in the ears (tinnitus). What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Ototoxicity — the drug should be reported to the physician immediately

Answer

Tinnitus and hearing loss are early signs of aminoglycoside ototoxicity (cochlear damage), which can progress to permanent sensorineural hearing loss. The drug must be reviewed immediately. Risk factors include prolonged use, high doses, renal impairment, and concurrent loop diuretics.

Question 5

A patient is to receive ampicillin 500 mg IV. The vial contains 1 g of ampicillin in 10 mL of diluent. How many mL should be administered?

Accepted Answer

5 mL

Answer

Concentration: 1,000 mg/10 mL = 100 mg/mL. Required dose: 500 mg. Volume = 500 mg ÷ 100 mg/mL = 5 mL. Always use the formula: Volume = Desired dose ÷ Available concentration. Double-check with dimensional analysis.

DOH Nursing Practice Test

DOH Nursing Practice Test

DOH Nursing Medication Management 3