Preventive Medicine and Public Health Flashcards

In epidemiology, incidence refers to:

Answer: New cases of a disease developing in a population over a defined time period

Incidence measures the rate of new disease occurrence in a previously unaffected population over a specific time period.

Which type of study design provides the highest level of evidence for evaluating therapeutic interventions?

Answer: Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

RCTs provide the strongest evidence by randomly allocating participants to intervention and control groups, minimizing selection bias and confounding.

The Framingham Heart Study is an example of which epidemiological study design?

Answer: Prospective cohort study

The Framingham Heart Study followed a defined cohort over decades to identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease, making it a landmark prospective cohort study.

Which screening test is recommended by the USPSTF for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked?

Answer: One-time abdominal ultrasound

USPSTF recommends a one-time abdominal ultrasound for AAA screening in men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked (defined as ≥100 cigarettes lifetime).

Relative risk (RR) of 1.0 in an epidemiological study indicates:

Answer: No association between exposure and outcome

RR = 1.0 means the risk in the exposed group equals the risk in the unexposed group, indicating no association between the exposure and outcome.

Which US federal program provides health insurance coverage specifically for low-income individuals and families?

Answer: Medicaid

Medicaid is a joint federal-state program providing health coverage to low-income adults, children, pregnant women, elderly, and people with disabilities based on income eligibility.