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Database Normalization and Design Patterns Flashcards

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  1. What is the Star Schema pattern used in data warehouse modeling?

    Answer: A central fact table surrounded by denormalized dimension tables, optimized for analytical query performance

    The Star Schema places a central fact table containing measures and foreign keys surrounded by denormalized dimension tables, enabling fast analytical queries with simple joins.

  2. How does a Snowflake Schema differ from a Star Schema?

    Answer: Snowflake normalizes dimension tables into sub-dimensions, reducing redundancy but requiring more joins; Star denormalizes for simplicity

    A Snowflake Schema normalizes dimension tables by splitting hierarchies into separate tables, reducing data redundancy at the cost of more complex queries requiring additional joins.

  3. What is a fact table in dimensional modeling?

    Answer: A central table in a star or snowflake schema that stores measurable business events with foreign keys to dimension tables

    A fact table stores measurable, quantitative data about business events — such as sales amounts, quantities, or counts — along with foreign keys linking to the relevant dimensions.

  4. What is a slowly changing dimension (SCD) Type 1?

    Answer: A method of handling attribute changes by simply overwriting the old value, preserving no history

    SCD Type 1 handles changes by overwriting the old attribute value with the new one, which is simple but destroys historical data — appropriate when history is not needed.

  5. In a Data Vault model, what does a Hub contain?

    Answer: The unique business keys of a core business entity along with metadata about its source and load date

    A Hub in Data Vault modeling stores the unique business keys for a core business concept, along with a surrogate key, load date, and record source — no descriptive attributes.

  6. In Data Vault modeling, what is the purpose of a Link?

    Answer: To capture the relationships and associations between two or more Hubs

    A Link in Data Vault modeling captures the many-to-many or associative relationships between Hubs, storing only the foreign keys to the related Hubs plus metadata.

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