Science Literacy Flashcards

A student wants to test whether music tempo affects plant growth. Which variable should be kept the same throughout the experiment?

Answer: The amount of water each plant receives

Controlled variables like water amount must remain constant so that any difference in plant growth can be attributed only to music tempo.

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

Answer: The color of a flame during a combustion reaction

Qualitative data describes characteristics or qualities such as color, texture, or smell rather than numerical measurements.

When reading a science article, what is the best way to identify whether the source is reliable?

Answer: Look for citations, author credentials, and peer review

Reliable science sources cite their data, are written by credentialed experts, and have been peer-reviewed by other scientists.

What is the purpose of repeating an experiment multiple times?

Answer: To improve reliability and reduce the effect of random errors

Repeating an experiment increases reliability by showing that results are consistent and not due to a single random event.

A hypothesis must be:

Answer: A testable prediction about the relationship between variables

A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable prediction that states the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable.

Which of the following represents an inference rather than an observation?

Answer: It rained last night because the sidewalk is wet

An inference is a logical conclusion based on observations but not directly seen; the wet sidewalk could have other causes, so it is an inference.

A scientist studying soil erosion collects data in a creek bed over six months. This type of investigation is best described as:

Answer: A field study or observational study

A field or observational study involves collecting data in a natural setting without manipulating variables, which is appropriate for long-term environmental monitoring.