Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes 5

Question 1

Which surgical procedure has been shown to induce remission of type 2 diabetes in obese patients by reducing caloric absorption and altering gut hormones?

Accepted Answer

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Answer

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass achieves the highest rates of type 2 diabetes remission, partly through altered GLP-1 and gut hormone secretion independent of weight loss alone.

Question 2

Which class of drug used in type 2 diabetes works by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down incretin hormones?

Accepted Answer

DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer

DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) block dipeptidyl peptidase-4, the enzyme that degrades GLP-1 and GIP, thereby prolonging incretin action and enhancing insulin secretion.

Question 3

A patient with type 2 diabetes reports seeing halos around lights and blurred vision. Which screening test should be performed annually to monitor this complication?

Accepted Answer

Dilated funduscopic eye examination

Answer

Annual dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist is the standard screening for diabetic retinopathy to detect early vascular changes before vision loss occurs.

Question 4

Which hormonal imbalance is central to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance leading to unregulated hepatic glucose production

Answer

In type 2 diabetes, hepatic insulin resistance allows glucagon to drive uncontrolled gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, contributing to elevated fasting blood glucose.

Question 5

Which physical activity recommendation is consistent with ADA guidelines for adults with type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week

Answer

The ADA recommends at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, distributed over at least 3 days, to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes 5