Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes 4

Question 1

A patient with type 2 diabetes has proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Which treatment is most commonly used to prevent vision loss?

Accepted Answer

Pan-retinal laser photocoagulation

Answer

Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser therapy destroys peripheral retinal tissue to reduce angiogenic signals and prevent progression of proliferative retinopathy.

Question 2

Which ethnic group in the United States has the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

American Indian/Alaska Native adults

Answer

American Indian and Alaska Native populations have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the US, exceeding 14% in some communities.

Question 3

What physiological change primarily explains why postprandial glucose spikes are higher in type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

Impaired first-phase insulin secretion

Answer

In type 2 diabetes, the rapid first-phase insulin burst that normally blunts postprandial glucose is blunted or absent, causing exaggerated glucose peaks after eating.

Question 4

Which medication used to treat type 2 diabetes is associated with weight gain and fluid retention?

Accepted Answer

Pioglitazone

Answer

Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone activate PPAR-gamma receptors, causing fluid retention, weight gain, and an increased risk of heart failure.

Question 5

Which test is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes based on a 75-gram glucose load given after fasting?

Accepted Answer

Oral glucose tolerance test

Answer

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures plasma glucose 2 hours after a 75g glucose load; a result ≥200 mg/dL confirms diabetes.

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes 4