Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes 2

Question 1

Which oral medication class works by inhibiting SGLT-2 receptors in the kidneys to lower blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) block glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, causing excess glucose to be excreted in urine.

Question 2

A patient with type 2 diabetes has an eGFR of 30 mL/min/1.73m². Which medication should be avoided?

Accepted Answer

Metformin

Answer

Metformin is contraindicated when eGFR falls below 30 due to risk of lactic acidosis from drug accumulation.

Question 3

Which complication of type 2 diabetes is characterized by damage to the small blood vessels supplying the glomeruli?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer

Diabetic nephropathy involves microvascular damage to the glomeruli, leading to proteinuria and progressive kidney disease.

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism by which GLP-1 receptor agonists lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon

Answer

GLP-1 agonists enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, and slow gastric emptying to reduce postprandial glucose spikes.

Question 5

Which lifestyle modification has the greatest impact on preventing progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Achieving 5–7% body weight loss through diet and exercise

Answer

The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated that a 5–7% weight loss combined with 150 minutes/week of moderate exercise reduced diabetes incidence by 58%.

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes 2