Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes 4

Question 1

A teenager with Type 1 diabetes has a blood glucose of 400 mg/dL with large ketones but no vomiting. What is the most appropriate initial management?

Accepted Answer

Extra bolus of rapid-acting insulin and increased fluid intake at home

Answer

For sick-day management without vomiting, supplemental rapid-acting insulin plus oral hydration is appropriate; hospital care is needed if vomiting or severe symptoms develop.

Question 2

Which pancreatic cell type is specifically destroyed in Type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells (insulin-producing)

Answer

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.

Question 3

What does the 'insulin sensitivity factor' (correction factor) represent in Type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

How many mg/dL one unit of insulin will lower blood glucose

Answer

The insulin sensitivity factor (e.g., 1 unit lowers glucose by 50 mg/dL) is used to calculate correction doses when blood glucose is above target.

Question 4

Which pattern of blood glucose readings suggests the dawn phenomenon rather than the Somogyi effect?

Accepted Answer

Steady rise in glucose from ~3 AM without preceding hypoglycemia

Answer

The dawn phenomenon is a morning hyperglycemia caused by counter-regulatory hormone surges (growth hormone, cortisol) in the early morning without preceding nocturnal hypoglycemia.

Question 5

What is the significance of C-peptide measurement in a patient suspected of having Type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Low or absent C-peptide confirms minimal endogenous insulin production

Answer

C-peptide is co-secreted with insulin in equal amounts; low or undetectable C-peptide confirms absent endogenous insulin production consistent with Type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Practice Test

Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes 4