Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards
7 cards from real Diabetes practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Type 2 Diabetes flashcards as text
Which surgical procedure has been shown to induce remission of type 2 diabetes in obese patients by reducing caloric absorption and altering gut hormones?
Answer: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass achieves the highest rates of type 2 diabetes remission, partly through altered GLP-1 and gut hormone secretion independent of weight loss alone.
Which class of drug used in type 2 diabetes works by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down incretin hormones?
Answer: DPP-4 inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) block dipeptidyl peptidase-4, the enzyme that degrades GLP-1 and GIP, thereby prolonging incretin action and enhancing insulin secretion.
A patient with type 2 diabetes reports seeing halos around lights and blurred vision. Which screening test should be performed annually to monitor this complication?
Answer: Dilated funduscopic eye examination
Annual dilated fundus examination by an ophthalmologist is the standard screening for diabetic retinopathy to detect early vascular changes before vision loss occurs.
Which hormonal imbalance is central to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in the liver?
Answer: Insulin resistance leading to unregulated hepatic glucose production
In type 2 diabetes, hepatic insulin resistance allows glucagon to drive uncontrolled gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, contributing to elevated fasting blood glucose.
Which physical activity recommendation is consistent with ADA guidelines for adults with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week
The ADA recommends at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, distributed over at least 3 days, to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.
Which finding on a monofilament test of the foot indicates loss of protective sensation in a diabetic patient?
Answer: Inability to feel the 10-g monofilament at one or more sites
Failure to detect a 10-gram Semmes-Weinstein monofilament at any test site indicates loss of protective sensation and high risk for diabetic foot ulceration.
A patient with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease needs a second agent after metformin. Which drug class is preferred per ADA guidelines?
Answer: GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors with proven CV benefit
For patients with established ASCVD, ADA guidelines prioritize GLP-1 agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors with demonstrated cardiovascular mortality benefit regardless of HbA1c.