Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards
7 cards from real Diabetes practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Type 2 Diabetes flashcards as text
A patient with type 2 diabetes has proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Which treatment is most commonly used to prevent vision loss?
Answer: Pan-retinal laser photocoagulation
Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser therapy destroys peripheral retinal tissue to reduce angiogenic signals and prevent progression of proliferative retinopathy.
Which ethnic group in the United States has the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes?
Answer: American Indian/Alaska Native adults
American Indian and Alaska Native populations have the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the US, exceeding 14% in some communities.
What physiological change primarily explains why postprandial glucose spikes are higher in type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals?
Answer: Impaired first-phase insulin secretion
In type 2 diabetes, the rapid first-phase insulin burst that normally blunts postprandial glucose is blunted or absent, causing exaggerated glucose peaks after eating.
Which medication used to treat type 2 diabetes is associated with weight gain and fluid retention?
Answer: Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone activate PPAR-gamma receptors, causing fluid retention, weight gain, and an increased risk of heart failure.
Which test is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes based on a 75-gram glucose load given after fasting?
Answer: Oral glucose tolerance test
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures plasma glucose 2 hours after a 75g glucose load; a result ≥200 mg/dL confirms diabetes.
A 55-year-old with type 2 diabetes develops a painless foot ulcer. Which factor most likely contributed to its development?
Answer: Peripheral neuropathy reducing pain sensation
Peripheral neuropathy eliminates protective pain sensation, allowing repeated trauma and pressure to cause ulcers without the patient noticing injury.
Which dietary index is recommended by the ADA for patients with type 2 diabetes to guide healthy eating patterns?
Answer: Individualized medical nutrition therapy with no single prescribed diet
The ADA supports individualized medical nutrition therapy (MNT) tailored to each patient's preferences and metabolic goals rather than a single universal diet.