Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards
7 cards from real Diabetes practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Type 2 Diabetes flashcards as text
A person with type 2 diabetes on a sulfonylurea develops sweating, tremors, and confusion between meals. What is the most likely cause?
Answer: Hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels, making hypoglycemia a significant risk, especially if meals are skipped.
Which type of dietary fat is most associated with worsening insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Trans fats
Trans fats increase LDL cholesterol, promote inflammation, and are linked to worsened insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
What is the recommended blood pressure target for most adults with type 2 diabetes and hypertension according to the ADA?
Answer: Less than 130/80 mmHg
The American Diabetes Association recommends a blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mmHg for most adults with diabetes to reduce cardiovascular and renal risk.
Which finding on urine testing is an early marker of diabetic kidney disease?
Answer: Microalbuminuria
Microalbuminuria (30–300 mg/day of albumin in urine) is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy, indicating glomerular damage before overt proteinuria develops.
Which antidiabetic medication class has been shown to reduce hospitalization for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Answer: SGLT-2 inhibitors
SGLT-2 inhibitors like empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have demonstrated significant reductions in heart failure hospitalizations in cardiovascular outcome trials.
Which metabolic condition is most closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and shares many underlying features?
Answer: Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome—characterized by central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance—shares pathophysiology with and strongly predisposes to type 2 diabetes.
A patient with type 2 diabetes has an HbA1c of 10.5% and is symptomatic. What is the most appropriate initial treatment approach?
Answer: Insulin therapy, with or without oral agents
When HbA1c is significantly elevated (≥10%) with symptoms, initiating insulin is appropriate to rapidly achieve glycemic control before transitioning to oral agents.