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Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards

7 cards from real Diabetes practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Type 2 Diabetes flashcards as text

  1. Which oral medication class works by inhibiting SGLT-2 receptors in the kidneys to lower blood glucose?

    Answer: SGLT-2 inhibitors

    SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) block glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, causing excess glucose to be excreted in urine.

  2. A patient with type 2 diabetes has an eGFR of 30 mL/min/1.73m². Which medication should be avoided?

    Answer: Metformin

    Metformin is contraindicated when eGFR falls below 30 due to risk of lactic acidosis from drug accumulation.

  3. Which complication of type 2 diabetes is characterized by damage to the small blood vessels supplying the glomeruli?

    Answer: Diabetic nephropathy

    Diabetic nephropathy involves microvascular damage to the glomeruli, leading to proteinuria and progressive kidney disease.

  4. What is the primary mechanism by which GLP-1 receptor agonists lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes?

    Answer: Stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon

    GLP-1 agonists enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, and slow gastric emptying to reduce postprandial glucose spikes.

  5. Which lifestyle modification has the greatest impact on preventing progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes?

    Answer: Achieving 5–7% body weight loss through diet and exercise

    The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated that a 5–7% weight loss combined with 150 minutes/week of moderate exercise reduced diabetes incidence by 58%.

  6. A patient with type 2 diabetes presents with tingling and numbness in both feet symmetrically. Which complication is most likely?

    Answer: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy

    Distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common form of diabetic nerve damage, causing bilateral tingling, numbness, and pain starting in the feet.

  7. Which laboratory test best reflects average blood glucose control over the past 2–3 months?

    Answer: Hemoglobin A1c

    HbA1c reflects glycation of hemoglobin over the 2–3 month lifespan of red blood cells, providing an average measure of long-term glycemic control.