Oral & Injectable Medications Flashcards

Which type of insulin has the longest duration of action and is typically administered once daily?

Answer: Insulin glargine (U-100)

Insulin glargine (Lantus) provides a peakless, steady 24-hour basal insulin profile when injected once daily.

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are contraindicated in patients with which condition?

Answer: NYHA Class III or IV heart failure

TZDs cause fluid retention and are contraindicated in moderate-to-severe heart failure (NYHA Class III/IV) due to risk of worsening edema.

When teaching insulin injection technique, what is the recommended needle insertion angle for a standard adult with average BMI using a 4–5 mm pen needle?

Answer: 90 degrees

Short pen needles (4–5 mm) can be injected at 90 degrees in most adults without risk of intramuscular injection.

Which oral agent should be held 48 hours before iodinated contrast administration?

Answer: Metformin

Metformin is held before contrast dye due to risk of acute kidney injury, which could lead to metformin accumulation and lactic acidosis.

A patient using rapid-acting insulin analog should inject it at what time relative to meals?

Answer: 0–15 minutes before or immediately after starting a meal

Rapid-acting analogs (lispro, aspart, glulisine) have a rapid onset and should be given just before or at the start of a meal.

Which GLP-1 receptor agonist is available in an oral tablet formulation?

Answer: Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus)

Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) is the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved in tablet form, taken on an empty stomach.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., acarbose) primarily target which phase of glycemic control?

Answer: Postprandial blood glucose

Acarbose delays carbohydrate digestion in the intestine, specifically blunting postprandial glucose spikes.