Complications & Comorbidities Flashcards
7 cards from real Diabetes practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Complications & Comorbidities flashcards as text
Which complication is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes?
Answer: Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease and heart failure, accounts for the majority of deaths in people with diabetes.
Compared to adults without diabetes, those with diabetes have approximately how many times greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease?
Answer: 2 times greater risk
Adults with diabetes have approximately 2-4 times greater risk of cardiovascular disease compared to people without diabetes.
Which class of glucose-lowering medications has demonstrated significant cardiovascular outcome benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease?
Answer: SGLT-2 inhibitors
SGLT-2 inhibitors such as empagliflozin and canagliflozin have shown reduced rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalizations in major outcome trials.
What does peripheral artery disease (PAD) involve in patients with diabetes?
Answer: Atherosclerotic narrowing of arteries supplying the limbs
PAD involves atherosclerotic narrowing of the arteries supplying the lower extremities, reducing blood flow and significantly increasing the risk of ulcers, infection, and amputation.
Which combination of metabolic abnormalities defines metabolic syndrome, significantly amplifying cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes?
Answer: Abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension, and elevated fasting glucose
Metabolic syndrome requires at least 3 of 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and elevated fasting glucose.
What is the ADA-recommended blood pressure target for most adults with diabetes to reduce cardiovascular and kidney complications?
Answer: <130/80 mmHg
The ADA recommends a target blood pressure of less than 130/80 mmHg for most adults with diabetes to reduce cardiovascular and renal risks.
Which type of stroke is more strongly associated with diabetes due to accelerated atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability?
Answer: Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is more closely associated with diabetes because atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability promote blood clot formation.