Diabetes Education Certification Oral & Injectable Medications 2

Question 1

Which class of oral diabetes medication works by inhibiting sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, canagliflozin) block glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, causing glucosuria.

Question 2

A patient on a sulfonylurea skips a meal. What is the most likely adverse effect to monitor for?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion regardless of food intake, so skipping meals can cause hypoglycemia.

Question 3

Which GLP-1 receptor agonist is available as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection?

Accepted Answer

Semaglutide weekly

Answer

Semaglutide (Ozempic) is administered once weekly subcutaneously and has strong evidence for cardiovascular benefit.

Question 4

Metformin is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR below which threshold per current guidelines?

Accepted Answer

< 30 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

Metformin is contraindicated when eGFR falls below 30 mL/min/1.73m² due to risk of lactic acidosis from drug accumulation.

Question 5

Which injectable non-insulin diabetes medication also acts as an amylin analog to slow gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Pramlintide

Answer

Pramlintide (Symlin) is a synthetic amylin analog that slows gastric emptying and suppresses post-meal glucagon.

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