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Pediatric Care & Child Health Flashcards

6 cards from real DHA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Pediatric Care & Child Health flashcards as text

  1. At what age should a healthy child be able to walk independently, say 2–3 words with meaning, and use a pincer grasp?

    Answer: 12 months

    By 12 months, most children walk independently (or are close to it), say 1–3 words meaningfully (e.g., 'mama', 'dada'), and demonstrate the pincer grasp (using thumb and index finger). These are key 12-month developmental milestones.

  2. A 3-year-old child weighs 14 kg. Using the Holliday-Segar method, what is the correct daily maintenance fluid requirement?

    Answer: 1,200 mL/day

    Holliday-Segar: 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg = 1,000 mL; 50 mL/kg for the next kg = 50 × 4 = 200 mL. Total = 1,200 mL/day. This formula provides maintenance fluid based on metabolic rate.

  3. According to standard immunization schedules, the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine is first administered at which age?

    Answer: 12–15 months

    The first dose of MMR is given at 12–15 months of age; the second dose is given at 4–6 years. Maternal antibodies interfere with the vaccine before 12 months, reducing its effectiveness.

  4. A 2-year-old is brought in with decreased urine output, sunken fontanelle, dry mucous membranes, and skin tenting. Heart rate is 145 bpm. How would you classify this child's dehydration?

    Answer: Moderate (5–10%) dehydration

    Sunken fontanelle, skin tenting, dry mucous membranes, and tachycardia without shock classify as moderate dehydration (5–10% body weight loss). Severe dehydration would additionally present with hypotension, lethargy, or altered consciousness.

  5. Which pain assessment tool is MOST appropriate for a 4-year-old child who is awake and cooperative but cannot read?

    Answer: Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale

    The Wong-Baker FACES scale uses cartoon faces ranging from happy to crying, making it suitable for children aged 3 and older who can point but may not understand numeric or abstract scales. FLACC is used for preverbal or non-communicative children.

  6. A 6-week-old male infant presents with non-bilious, projectile vomiting after every feeding, and a palpable 'olive-like' mass in the epigastric region. The MOST likely diagnosis is:

    Answer: Pyloric stenosis

    Pyloric stenosis classically presents at 3–6 weeks of age with projectile, non-bilious vomiting (post-feeding) and a palpable olive-shaped pyloric mass. The infant is typically hungry despite vomiting. Intussusception presents later with currant jelly stool; volvulus causes bilious vomiting.