Free DHA Pharmacist Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers

Question 1: A ___________ is sodium chromoglycate.

Mast cell stabilization (Correct answer)
Leukotrienes modifier
Bronchodilator
Capillary constriction

Correct answer: Mast cell stabilization

Sodium cromoglycate (or cromolyn sodium) is classified as a mast cell stabilizer. It works by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and leukotrienes, from mast cells. This action helps to prevent allergic reactions and reduce inflammation, particularly in conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Question 2: The treatment for anaphylactic shock is _________.

All mentioned
Allopurinol
Salbutamol
Epinephrine (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Epinephrine

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first-line and most critical treatment for anaphylactic shock. It acts rapidly to reverse the severe symptoms of anaphylaxis by causing vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and reducing swelling. Delay in administering epinephrine can be life-threatening, making it the cornerstone of emergency management for this severe allergic reaction.

Question 3: The cause of respiratory acidosis is ____________.

Removal of CO2
02 hold-out
CO2 retention (Correct answer)
02 elimination

Correct answer: CO2 retention

Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot adequately remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood. This retention of CO2 results in an increase in carbonic acid, which lowers the blood's pH, making it more acidic. Conditions like hypoventilation, COPD, or respiratory depression can cause CO2 retention.

Question 4: When treating acute gout, indomethacin is the ________ option.

Everything mentioned
Ultimately
First (Correct answer)
Secondly

Correct answer: First

Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is considered a first-line treatment option for acute gout attacks. It is highly effective in reducing the pain and inflammation associated with gout due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties. Other first-line options include other NSAIDs, colchicine, and corticosteroids, but indomethacin is frequently chosen due to its efficacy.

Question 5: Which applies to the dosage of insulin.

Everything mentioned (Correct answer)
First dose divided into two thirds of an hour in the morning and one third of an hour in the evening: 0.6 u/kg/day
It is necessary to adhere to the standard NPH ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.
During an acute sickness, the dosage may be raised.

Correct answer: Everything mentioned

The correct answer, 'Everything mentioned,' is right because all the options describe valid aspects of insulin dosage. An initial insulin dose for type 1 diabetes is commonly around 0.5-0.6 U/kg/day, often split with a larger morning dose. Standard NPH insulin regimens frequently use specific ratios (e.g., 1:1 or 1:2) when combined with rapid-acting insulin. Furthermore, during acute illness or stress, insulin requirements typically increase due to the release of counter-regulatory hormones, necessitating a dosage adjustment.

Question 6: Which of the following cannot be used in addition to a CNS depressant?

Aspirin
Verapamil
Diphenhydramine (Correct answer)
Analgesic

Correct answer: Diphenhydramine

Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with significant sedative properties, acting as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Combining it with other CNS depressants, such as opioids, benzodiazepines, or alcohol, can lead to additive effects like excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and impaired cognitive function. Therefore, it should not be used in addition to other CNS depressants to avoid potentially dangerous synergistic effects.

Question 7: Which of the following cannot be applied when utilizing medication therapy to manage hypertension?

Not one of the following
Pregnant women should take ACEIS.
When treating an asthmatic, employ beta-blockers.
Patients with asthma should not take beta-blockers. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Patients with asthma should not take beta-blockers.

Patients with asthma should generally not take beta-blockers, especially non-selective ones, because these medications can block beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. This blockade can lead to bronchoconstriction, exacerbating asthma symptoms and potentially triggering severe asthma attacks. While cardioselective beta-blockers are sometimes used cautiously, the general principle is to avoid them in asthmatic patients due to this significant risk.

Question 8: Select the erythrosine feature.

Reduce the motility of the GIT
Suitable for use by expectant mothers (Correct answer)
Not suitable for use by pregnant women
Everything mentioned above

Correct answer: Suitable for use by expectant mothers

Erythromycin (likely misspelled as erythrosine) is a macrolide antibiotic that is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. It is often a preferred antibiotic choice for expectant mothers, particularly when other common antibiotics are contraindicated or less effective. This makes it a suitable option for treating various bacterial infections in pregnant women.

Question 9: Decide which component is antifungal.

ampicillin
amoxicillin
Gamciclovir (Correct answer)
Everything mentioned above

Correct answer: Gamciclovir

Ganciclovir (likely misspelled as Gamciclovir) is an antiviral medication, specifically used to treat infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ampicillin and amoxicillin are antibacterial antibiotics. Therefore, among the given choices, Ganciclovir is the only option that is not an antibacterial, and while it is not antifungal, it is the only non-antibacterial drug listed, which might be the intended distinction in a potentially flawed question asking for an antifungal.

Question 10: What histamine does is ________.

Modifier of prostaglandins
An increase in blood pressure
An increase in heart rate
Stimulates gastric secretion (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Stimulates gastric secretion

Histamine plays a crucial role in stimulating gastric acid secretion. It binds to H2 receptors on the parietal cells in the stomach lining, leading to an increase in hydrochloric acid production. This physiological effect is why H2-receptor antagonists (like ranitidine or famotidine) are effective medications for reducing stomach acid and treating conditions like heartburn and ulcers.

Question 11: Choose the hormone that predominates during the phase of ovulation.

LH (Correct answer)
FSH
FH
SH

Correct answer: LH

The luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is the primary hormonal event that triggers ovulation. This rapid increase in LH levels, typically occurring mid-cycle, stimulates the final maturation of the dominant follicle and its rupture, releasing the ovum from the ovary. While FSH is essential for follicular development, LH is directly responsible for inducing ovulation.

Free DHA Pharmacist Questions and Answers 1

A ___________ is sodium chromoglycate.