Reading & Literacy Instruction Flashcards

Which of the following best describes phonemic awareness in early literacy instruction?

Answer: The ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words

Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes (sounds) in spoken words, and is a foundational pre-reading skill.

According to the science of reading, which instructional approach is most effective for teaching beginning readers to decode words?

Answer: Systematic and explicit phonics instruction

Research consistently supports systematic and explicit phonics instruction as the most effective approach for teaching decoding skills to beginning readers.

A teacher notices a student can read words accurately but reads very slowly and in a choppy manner. Which reading component should the teacher target for intervention?

Answer: Reading fluency

Fluency encompasses reading accuracy, rate, and prosody; a student who reads accurately but slowly and without expression needs fluency intervention.

Which strategy is most effective for building academic vocabulary in content-area reading?

Answer: Pre-teaching key vocabulary words before reading a text

Pre-teaching key vocabulary before reading activates prior knowledge and allows students to engage more deeply with the text's meaning.

What does the Simple View of Reading propose about reading comprehension?

Answer: Reading comprehension equals decoding plus listening comprehension

The Simple View of Reading (Gough & Tunmer, 1986) states that Reading Comprehension = Decoding × Linguistic Comprehension, highlighting that both components are necessary.

When a DESE-licensed teacher uses a 'think-aloud' strategy during reading instruction, what is the primary purpose?

Answer: To model metacognitive reading strategies so students can internalize them

Think-alouds make the invisible thinking processes of skilled readers visible and explicit, allowing students to observe and eventually internalize those strategies.

Which assessment tool is most appropriate for monitoring a student's oral reading fluency progress over time?

Answer: Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) oral reading fluency probes

CBM oral reading fluency probes are brief, standardized, and designed for frequent progress monitoring because they are sensitive to small gains in reading rate and accuracy.