Reading & Literacy Instruction Flashcards

A student consistently reverses letters such as 'b' and 'd' when reading and writing. Which condition should the teacher consider and address through appropriate referral?

Answer: Dyslexia or a specific learning disability in reading

Persistent letter reversals beyond early primary grades, combined with reading and writing difficulties, are characteristic indicators of dyslexia that warrant evaluation.

What is the primary goal of guided reading instruction in a small-group literacy setting?

Answer: To support students in applying reading strategies with texts at their instructional level

Guided reading places students in small groups with texts at their instructional level so the teacher can scaffold strategy use and provide targeted support.

Which text structure signal words ('first,' 'next,' 'then,' 'finally') indicate that a nonfiction text is organized using which pattern?

Answer: Sequential or chronological order

Words like 'first,' 'next,' 'then,' and 'finally' are signal words for sequential or chronological text structure, indicating steps or events in order.

Under DESE guidelines, which tier in a Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) provides high-quality, differentiated core reading instruction for all students?

Answer: Tier 1: Universal core instruction

Tier 1 in MTSS represents the universal core instruction that all students receive, designed to meet the needs of approximately 80% of the student population.

A teacher assigns students to read a passage and then create a graphic organizer showing cause-and-effect relationships. This activity primarily develops which literacy skill?

Answer: Reading comprehension through text structure analysis

Creating a graphic organizer that maps cause-and-effect relationships requires students to analyze and organize information from the text, developing deeper comprehension.

According to Massachusetts DESE literacy frameworks, which of the following best defines 'morphological awareness' and its role in reading?

Answer: Awareness of meaningful units within words (prefixes, roots, suffixes) that aids decoding and vocabulary

Morphological awareness is the ability to recognize and use meaningful word parts (morphemes) such as prefixes, roots, and suffixes, which supports both decoding and vocabulary development.

Which practice is most consistent with culturally responsive literacy instruction?

Answer: Incorporating texts that reflect diverse cultural backgrounds and student experiences

Culturally responsive instruction connects learning to students' cultural backgrounds and lived experiences, which includes using texts that reflect diverse perspectives and identities.